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Abstract Escovopsisis a diverse group of fungi, which are considered specialized parasites of the fungal cultivars of fungus-growing ants. The lack of a suitable taxonomic framework and phylogenetic inconsistencies have long hamperedEscovopsisresearch. The aim of this study is to reassess the genusEscovopsisusing a taxonomic approach and a comprehensive multilocus phylogenetic analysis, in order to set the basis of the genus systematics and the stage for futureEscovopsisresearch. Our results support the separation ofEscovopsisinto three distinct genera. In light of this, we redefineEscovopsisas a monophyletic clade whose main feature is to form terminal vesicles on conidiophores. Consequently,E. kreiseliiandE. trichodermoideswere recombined into two new genera,SympodioroseaandLuteomyces, asS.kreiseliiandL.trichodermoides, respectively. This study expands our understanding of the systematics ofEscovopsisand related genera, thereby facilitating future research on the evolutionary history, taxonomic diversity, and ecological roles of these inhabitants of the attine ant colonies.